impulse and reaction hydraulic turbine ppt

A Pelton turbine or Pelton wheel is a type of hydro turbine (specifically an impulse turbine) used frequently in hydroelectric plants.These turbines are generally used for sites with heads greater than 300 meters.This type of turbine was created during the gold rush in 1880 by Lester Pelton. MECHANICAL ENERGY CLASSIFICATION OF TURBINES According to the type of energy at inlet: Impulse turbine: If at the inlet of turbine the energy available is only kinetic energy, the turbine is known as Impulse Turbine. Compare Impulse and reaction turbines . Now days an efficient turbine can utilize up-to 90% of the water’s potential energy. f The energy to rotate an impulse turbine is derived from the kinetic energy of the steam flowing through the nozzle. For construction of the impulse turbine (Pelton) detailed plans were drawn up taking into account the design and implementation of the fundamental equations of hydraulic … For similar boundary hydraulic turbines are again sub divided into impulse and reaction turbines. •Designed conditions of turbine - •Hydraulic Turbines gives their best performance when they are operated at certain conditions of head, discharge, speed and output power. Impulse turbine began employing reaction of upto 20% at the root of the moving blades in order to counteract the poor efficiency incurred from zero or even negative reaction. Impulse turbine works on the same principle. Steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it to useful mechanical work. The impulse turbine is a reaction turbine with a degree of reaction of zero (R = 0). Reaction Turbine. The pelton wheel turbine which is dealt with in this journal is an impulse type of turbine and to be very precise this is a Micro hydro turbine. Steam glides over moving blades. Method of energy transfer: Pelton turbine – velocity The energy available at the inlet of the Pelton turbine is only kinetic energy. Degree of reaction (R) is an important factor in designing the blades of a turbine, compressors, pumps and other turbo-machinery. An example of an Impulse turbine is the Pelton wheel turbine. Impulse Turbine Principle Pdf Download >>> blltly.com/1nehmz Reaction turbines convert the energy of the fluid by the reaction on the rotor blades, when the fluid undergoes a change in momentum. Axial flow turbines 3. 2 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION What is turbine? 2. The energy available at the inlet of the turbine is only kinetic energy. A turbine (/ ˈ t ɜːr b aɪ n / or / ˈ t ɜːr b ɪ n /) (from the Greek τύρβη, tyrbē, or Latin turbo, meaning vortex) is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work.The work produced by a turbine can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator. The reverse Archimedes Screw and the overshot waterwheel are both gravity turbines. TURBINES. An example of a Reaction turbine is the Kaplan Turbine and Francis Turbine. •Model turbines are tested under different conditions of head, discharge, speed, power, efficiency. Ex- Pelton Wheel Reaction turbine: If at the inlet of turbine water possesses kinetic energy as The blades are in the shape of buckets. 12: Needs low discharge of water. Steam turbines may be classified into different categories depending on their construction, working pressures, size and many other parameters. The Nozzle Angles for the first two impulse turbines are the same. Download. It is a type of tangential flow impulse turbine used to generate electricity in the hydroelectric power plant. In essence, the impulse turbines only convert the kinetic energy of fluid, not the pressure. Nature of input energy to the runner: The nozzle converts the entire hydraulic energy into kinetic energy before water strikes the runner. Hydraulic Turbines (d) Leakage losses: In case of impulse turbines, whole of the water may not be striking the buckets and therefore some of the water power may go waste. A reaction turbine doesn't change the direction of the fluid flow as drastically as an impulse turbine: it simply spins as the fluid pushes through and past its blades. Velocity triangles of pumps, effect of inlet swirl on velocity triangles. 2) Steam expands completely when it passes through the nozzles and its pressure remains constant. žA min discharge is required to set turbine runner into motion. Impulse turbine works on the same principle. Degree of reaction … 2. Impulse turbine Reaction turbine e.g. compounding method for the Impulse stages of the turbine. S.No Impulse turbine . Due to pressure drop in moving blades of reaction turbine they are more prone to leakages. A turbine is a rotatory mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work.The work produced by a turbine can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator. There is further drop in pressure as the fluid passes through the moving blades, since moving blade channels are also of nozzle shape. Disc windage loss: Due to surface friction created on the discs of an impulse turbine as the disc rotates in steam atmosphere. But there are two basic types of steam turbines: impulse turbines; reaction turbines. nozzles of the machine. Advantages of pressure compounded Impulse turbine: It has the advantage of reduced blade velocities, reduced steam velocities and equal work among stages, or equal work distribution among the stages as desired by the designer. Reaction turbine: In the reaction turbine, the rotor blades themselves are arranged to form convergent nozzles. 2. Tangential Flow turbines 2. 11 The reaction effect is an addition to impulse effect. In turbomachinery, Degree of reaction or reaction ratio (R) is defined as the ratio of the static pressure drop in the rotor to the static pressure drop in the stage or as the ratio of static enthalpy drop in the rotor to the static enthalpy drop in the stage.. The Pelton turbine bought by the museum is an impulse turbine. Presentation Summary : ... Study Of Reaction Turbines Asad Iqbal 564287 PPT. US813169A US29079205A US1905290792A US813169A US 813169 A US813169 A US 813169A US 29079205 A US29079205 A US 29079205A US 1905290792 A US1905290792 A US 1905290792A US 813169 A US813169 A US 813169A Authority US United States Prior art keywords reaction impulse blades drum turbine Prior art date 1905-12-07 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is … pressure. 1. Hydraulic turbine efficiency is more than hydraulic pump. overall efficiency of all turbines is same. It follows that the magnitude of the velocity remains unchanged. The energy to rotate an impulse turbine is derived from the kinetic energy of the fluid flowing through the nozzles. Water turbine is a prime mover, which uses water as the working substance to generate power. The work produced by a turbine can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator. Eg : Pelton Turbine. Impulse turbine 2. Difference between Impulse and Reaction hydraulic turbines: Sl.No. Impulse Turbine: Reaction Turbine: 1. 1. 3. Turbine is a machine wherein rotary motion is obtained by centrifugal forces, which result from a change in the direction of high velocity fluid jet that issues from a nozzle. Other deciding factors include how deep the turbine must be set, efficiency, and cost. The utilization factor for a fixed nozzle angle will increase as the reaction approaches 100%. Here reaction turbine consists of fixed blades that act as a moving blade and nozzle. A force is needed to do this and the reaction to this force acts on the vanes.

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