ite manual of traffic signal design pdf

For recently modified or constructed signals, there may be an existing electronic file with this information that can then be field verified. 37 Full PDFs related to this paper. Download Full PDF Package. Publication 149 . 22. 77-1.03 Official Action Where a new traffic signal is installed or an existing traffic signal is removed, an Official Action is required. Washington, DC (1988), v.p. ISBN: 978-1-118-76230-1 January 2016 688 Pages. Institute of Transportation Engineers,Washington, DC, 1994 and “Traffic Control Devices Handbook.” • Other standard references such as the National Electrical Code by the National Fire Protection Standard Specifications (Caltrans)3. In addition, DDOT-specific guidelines were from the 2009 referencedDDOT Design and Engineering Manual. design criteria, traffic analysis requirements, and design policies are provided. ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers), Brian Wolshon, Anurag Pande. Section 9-02, Traffic Signal Development Procedures 3. • Institute of Transportation Engineers’ Preemption of Traffic Signals at or Near Railroad Grade Crossing with Active Warning Devices. 2015 Traffic Design Manual . E-Book. The primary purpose of this manual is to present the fundamental concepts and standard practices related to traffic signal design commensurate with the state of the art. Juliet Traffic Signal Design Plan Preparation Guidelines Public Works Department and Construction Specifications (October 2013) 2 Part B: Traffic Signal Design Plan Preparation Guidelines Part B is intended to provide standardization in the preparation and review of traffic signal plans. This document is intended to provide guidelines for certain considerations involved in the design of such devices. Traffic Signal Design Approval Flow Chart 94 Changes During Const. The primary factors to consider for coordination of signals are spacing of signalized intersections, traffic characteristics, and signal operations. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices For Streets And Highways, US Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration - latest edition. ITE provides a wide variety of tools and training materials that address traffic engineering. INTRODUCTION The maintenance of safe and efficient signal timing is an important part of the transportation agency’s responsibility to the motoring public, especially as the price of … 9-07 Freeway Lighting 2.1. October 14, 2010 (May, 2013 Update) 24. “Stormdrain Design Guidelines and Standard Plans”, PCDOT & FCD. Section 9-03, Traffic Signal Design 4. X UPDATE OF THE SIGNAL TIMING MANUAL PRELIMINARY DRAFT FINAL REPORT Prepared for National Cooperative Highway Research Program 3.2 DESIGN 3.2.1 CONSTRUCTION STAGING AND HOURS OF WORK The Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), founded in 1930, is an international ... Manual of Traffic Signal Design, (1982) R17R06031 Final Report Page 9 of 35 the durations of Yellow traffic signal durations. Luminaire: A complete lighting fixture consisting of a lamp or lamps together with the ballast, reflector, refractor, photocell when required, and the housing. These devices include "signs, signals, markings, and devices placed on, over, or adjacent A key component of a Traffic Signal Justification Study is a Traffic Signal Warrant Analysis. 2]. 1. X UPDATE OF THE SIGNAL TIMING MANUAL PRELIMINARY DRAFT FINAL REPORT Prepared for National Cooperative Highway Research Program Housings. Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Handbook. Some of the information contained in this manual reflects departmental policy and State Traffic … Traffic Engineering Design Division Traffic Control Devices Design Manual . Traffic Engineering Handbook, 7th Edition. formats. 902-2.03 Traffic Signal requirements … October 14, 2010 (May, 2013 Update) TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES HANDBOOK - 2001. Iowa DOT and FHWA regarding the design of traffic control signals Institute of Transportation Engineers - “Manual of Traffic Signal Design,” “Traffic Engineering Handbook,” “Traffic Signal Timing Manual,” “Manual of Traffic Engineering Studies” Robertson, … Manual Notice 2020-1 From: Michael A. Chacon, P.E., Traffic Safety Division Manual: Traffic Signals Manual Effective Date: June 01, 2020 Purpose The purpose of this manual notice is to advise users of the Traffic Signals Manual that the manual has been revised to include new and updated information on the in stallation and operation of traffic 9-07.1 General 2.2. Type II dilemma zone concept … Manual of Traffic Signal Design and Signalized Intersections: Informational Guide. The Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) is made up of more than 11,000 trans- ... Manual of Traffic Signal Design, 2nd edition Traffic Engineering Handbook, 4th edition Traffic Signal Installation and Maintenance Manual Transportation Planning Handbook . Traffic Signal Design Guide & Timing Manual. between traffic signal timing and transportation policy and addresses maintenance and operations of traffic signals. Coordinated Traffic Signal System A system of traffic signals for which a timed relationship exists Traffic Engineering Handbook, ITE; and Traffic Signal Installation and Maintenance Manual, ITE. A key component of a Traffic Signal Justification Study is a Traffic Signal Warrant Analysis. 1.3 Traffic Signal Approval – The Satisfaction of a traffic signal warrant or warrants shall not in itself justify the installation of a Traffic Control Signal [Ref. 6. warrants contained in the current edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), published by the Federal Highway Administration ... the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), and the American Traffic Safety Services Association (ATSSA). There are several references available to design consultants, most notably the Manual of Traffic Signal Design, prepared by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), but no guidelines exist for designers preparing plans specifically for ALDOT (Kell, 1991). Information on the preparation of plans and specifications is pro-vided in Chapter 7. NCHRP Synthesis 225 - "Left Turn Treatments at Intersections" Transportation Research Board They are in the Oregon • A traffic signal should not be installed unless an engineering study indicates that installing a traffic control signal … • NCHRP 812 –Signal Timing Manual, 2nd Edition (2015) • ITE Traffic Signal Timing Manual (2009) • TTI Traffic Signal Operations Handbook, 2nd Edition (2011) • TTI Signal Design Manual for Diamond Interchanges (2000) Mason and R.E. The purpose of the TEM is to establish uniform guidelines and procedures, primarily for use by MnDOT personnel. Certain warrant(s) must be satisfied to justify the installed of a traffic signal at a new location. 22 ITE Journal / January 2008 speed limits greater than 55 mph, the high-est allowable design speed is 65 mph. ADOT and PCDOT traffic signal design guidelines (general). be shall These guidelines are not intended to be a substitute for sound engineering knowledge and experience. ITE Standards for Lane-Use Traffic Control Signal Heads 1994 AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires and Traffic Signals FCC Telecommunications Manual Transportation and Traffic Engineering Handbook, Institute of Transportation Engineers, current edition. IDD-2018-26 Page 1. Vehicle Traffic Control Signal Heads: Light Emitting Diode (LED) Vehicle Arrow Traffic Signal Supplement, a performance specification of the Institute of Transportation Engineers, was prepared by the LED Committee of the Traffic Engineering Council. Starting at just $120.00. 3. Traffic Signal Design Guidelines State of Georgia Department of Transportation Please send comments to: This first webinar will have a team of traffic signal practitioners introduce the basic concepts of … The purpose of this handbook is to augment the Millennium Edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD 2000). The peer research used in this document incorporated practices or input from over 35 … This manual presumes that a traffic engineering study has determined that traffic signal control is needed. Signal and Lighting Design Guide (Caltrans) 9-10.2 Freeway Ramps and Connections Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. For a State-controlled highway, the designer must obtain an approval for the A traffic control signal should not be installed unless an engineering . Louver: A device that can be mounted inside a signal visor to restrict visibility of a signal indication to a certain lane or lanes. Standard Plans (Caltrans)4. guideline was formulated based on the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) kinematic equation and ... Manual of Traffic Signal Design, the Traffic Control Devices Handbook, and the Traffic Signal Timing Manual. The manual covers the process whereby standards and guidelines are adopted, as well as chapters devoted to highway signs, traffic signals, markings, and specialized operational topics. The TEM is available in electronic format only. Signal visibility from an adequate distance upstream can be improved by placement and number of signal heads, size of signal display, and line of sight. Page 8 2013 Indiana Design Manual, Ch. Guidelines are identical to the … It represents a synthesis of traffic signal timing concepts and their application and focuses on the use of detection, related timing parameters, and resulting effects to … DESIGN SPEED: A speed selected for purposes of design. Signal Warrants, MUTCD, Chp 4 Transportation Plan 2008 Manual Ga Drivers Manual Speed Hump Program Manual Policies & Guidelines Determining Speed Limits Multi-way Stop Warrants Traffic Signal Warrants Tree Removal Turn Lanes Gwinnett County DOT (www.gwinnettcounty.com) Information Aviation Traffic … Steven Jones. The traffic signal warrants are found in Tables 1 and 2 with a general relation-ship between the 1988 and 2000 traffic signal warrants highlighted in Table 2. Copies of the original Florida manual can be purchased from Florida Department of Transportation, Maps and Publications, 605 Suwannee Street, Mail Station 12, 3. TRAFFIC SINGAL DESIGN MANUAL REVISED: GENERAL INFORMATION PAGE 4 of 58 B. Definitions (continued) Conventional Pedestrian Signal A device that communicates information about pedestrian timing in conventional (i.e., visual) format. Other Related Documents Design details for signs and traffic signals are not included in the MUTCD. The peer research used in this document incorporated practices or input from over 35 public agencies and … Traffic Manual (Caltrans)2. 9-06 Highway Safety Lighting 1.1. Handbook,” “Traffic Signal Timing Manual,” “Manual of Traffic Engineering Studies” Robertson, H.D, Editor, J.E. •operating and maintaining the traffic control signal over its expected life. Much of the information presented in this manual represents the design guidelines of the Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Please refer to “MnDOT Signal Design Manual” (Signal Design Manual) and “MnDOT TrafficSignal Timing and Coordination Manual” (Signal Timing Manual ) when trafficcontrol signal design and operations training and/or detailed description is needed. • Pedestrian movements are controlled by a concurrent separate pedestrian signal display. 3-103 COPY NO. Institute of Transportation Engineers,Washington, DC, 1994 and “Traffic Control Devices Handbook.” • Other standard references such as the National Electrical Code by … For left-turn movements, past editions of the Traffic Management and Signal Systems Unit Design Manual suggested a speed between 20 and 30 mph, with Section. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of compliance with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) and other industry standards of traffic signals on the state … 77-1.03 Official Action Where a new traffic signal is installed or an existing traffic signal is removed, an Official Action is required. The essential factor in any of these options is to provide adequate time for the “Drainage and Channel Design Standards for Local Drainage for Floodplain Management within Pima County, Arizona”, PCDOT & FCD. Improving traffic signal visibility is one countermeasure that may reduce red-lighting running and rear-end crashes. Plan Review Traffic signal plans are to adhere to the California Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, the California Vehicle Code, LADOT Standard Plans and text herein. TDOT TRAFFIC DESIGN MANUAL JUNE 2020 5 - 1 CHAPTER 5 TRAFFIC SIGNAL DESIGN – GENERAL INFORMATION 5.1 General Information Highway traffic signal is a generic term that applies to intersection stop-and-go signals, ... ATC Standards: This publication by AASHTO, ITE, and NEMA is … Download Free PDF. READ PAPER. These specifications are referenced by GDOT’s Traffic Signal Equipment specifications. Chapter 4C of the Delaware Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices E MUTCD) (D identifies nine (9) warrants which should be evaluated to determine if the installation of a PURPOSE AND SCOPE A third publication, Manual of Traffic Signal Design… • Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Traffic Engineering Handbook and Manual of Traffic Signal Design Peer research included online research, peer email group outreach, direct emails, and/or phone calls. For left-turn movements, past editions of the Traffic Management and Signal Systems Unit Design Manual suggested a speed between 20 and 30 mph, with Peer research included online peer email group outreachresearch, , direct emails, and/or phone calls. 2017 Traffic Signal Design Manual Oregon Department of Transportation 3-4 June 2017 Traffic Standards and Asset Management Unit Chapter 3 – Signal Operations 3.3 Normal Phase Rotation In order to design a traffic signal, a basic understanding of traffic operations and phasing is required. Publication 149 . Transportation’s Manual on Uniform Traffic Studies (FDOT Manual Number 750-020-007), January 2000 (as revised March 2003). Please view Traffic Engineering and Operations Bulletin 20-03 for a description of revisions to the 2021 manual. The MUTCD outlines the design and application of traffic control devices on all public roadways in the United States. 4. “Manual of Engineering Standards and … The current edition of the MUTCD (2009) directs prac- titioners to the ITE Manual of Traffic Signal Design or the ITE Traffic Control Devices Handbook for engineering prac- tices to determine the durations of the yellow change and red clearance intervals. The ITE Traffic Engineering Council will be hosting a series of webinars focused on various elements of Traffic Signal Timing. This is Transportation Engineers (ITE) Manual of Transportation Engineering Studies. Unless noted, the warrants refer to those found in the 1988 MUTCD. Although this chapter will address several traffic signal design issues, it is impractical to present a complete traffic signal design guide. Traffic Engineering is the subdiscipline of transportation engineering that addresses the planning, design and operation of streets and highways, their networks, adjacent land uses and interaction with other modes of transportation and their terminals. MUTCD Signal Installation . 3-103 COPY NO. The consultant who did the latest plans may also have the electronic file and can be contacted if necessary. pedestrian signal display). Section 9-05, Flashing Beacons Remaining Section Table of Contents(view their corresponding guidance below): 1. trip generation based upon rates obtained from the Institute of Transportation Engineers, Trip Generation Manual, 9th Edition, 2012. This manual presumes that a traffic engineering study has determined that traffic signal control is needed. This publication should be used in conjunction with ITE's Traffic Engineering Handbook, Transportation Planning Handbook and other resources in order to prove most useful and is a must have for the transportation professional's library. This manual sets forth the basic principles that govern the design and usage of traffic control devices for different classes of road and street systems. 22 ITE Journal / January 2008 speed limits greater than 55 mph, the high-est allowable design speed is 65 mph. This chapter may reference chapters in Acknowledgments NCDOT Signal System Timing Philosophy Manual Aknowledgments and References The following list acknowledges internal contributors and consultants who provided the technical content of this manual. TRAFFIC SIGNAL DESIGN HANDBOOK. Required steps in design: … A review of these publications indicated that, while each recommends using a … The Manual of Transportation Engineering Studies, 2nd Edition is a "how to" guide on conducting various studies using standardized study techniques and current technology.Highlights include a glossary of terms, communicating data to the public, freeway and managed lanes and simulation studies. ITE – Manual of Traffic Signal Design ITE – Traffic Signal Installation and Maintenance Manual ITE, IMSA – Traffic Signal Maintenance Handbook TRB – Highway Capacity Manual, 2010 Edition US Access Board – Proposed Right-of-Way Accessibility Guidelines (PROWAG) ITS America – Transit Signal Priority Handbook ITE Standard for “Vehicle Traffic Control Signal Heads, Light Emitting Diode (LED) Circular Signal Supplement” ITE “Vehicle Traffic Control Signal Heads – Light Emitting Diode (LED) Vehicle Arrow Traffic Signal Supplement” MUTCD Also, conforming to the regulations, and as follows: 1. Chapter 4C of the Delaware Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices E MUTCD) (D identifies nine (9) warrants which should be evaluated to determine if the installation of a A traffic control signal should not be installed unless an engineering . Please see the Traffic Engineering and Operation Bulletin page for past TEM Manual Bulletins. Manual of Traffic Signal Design - second edition, Institute of Transportation Engineers, 1990. The information presented in this module builds on procedures documented in the ITE Transportation and Traffic Engineering Handbook as well as the standards and warrants provided in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). Flow Chart 96 Example Cabinet Print 99 Cabinet Print Complete 100 Project CADD File Archive Sample Email 101 Chapter 14 Page Consultant Traffic Signal Design 103-106 Sections 9-01 through 9-05 have been intentionally removed,visit Part 4 of the CA MUTCDfor guidance. WAV DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Infrastructure Design Directive IDD-2018-26 Traffic Signal Yellow Change, Red Clearance, Pedestrian Clearance Policy, and Dilemma Zone Guidance Office of Infrastructure Divisions • Institute of Transportation Engineers’ Manual of Traffic Signal Design. Traffic Signal Design Guide & Timing Manual. 7. ¾ Manual of Traffic Signal Design, Second Edition, by James H. Kell and Iris J. Fullerton, Institute of Transportation Engineers ¾ Alaska Traffic Accidents, DOT&PF Statewide Planning ¾ RODEL 1 Interactive Roundabout Design Software and Manual… design and operation in Minnesota. ITE Trip Generation Manual, latest edition.) Plan Review Traffic signal plans are to adhere to the California Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, the California Vehicle Code, LADOT Standard … The Virginia Supplement to the 2009 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) contains the most current standards, guidance, options, and support for the design, application, and placement of traffic control devices (including signs, signals, and pavement markings) on roadways in Virginia. The Traffic Engineering Manual is issued and updated by the MnDOT Office of Traffic Engineering. Section 1104.06(a)1 2. 77 Traffic Signal Installation and Maintenance Manual, ITE. G. Red Clear: should be determined using the methodology found in the latest edition of ITE’s Manual of Traffic Signal Design. For new or upgraded signal installations, the number of signal indications Download. FHWA Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Handbook, revised second edition, August 2007 • … • Pedestrians move on an exclusive phase while all vehicular traffic is stopped. Traffic Engineering Manual Policies 21 Section 1A.1 STUDY OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING LOCATIONS 1A.1.1 PURPOSE If a location has been studied within 2 years of … The Traffic Engineering Manual is available either as one complete PDF document, or by individual chapters (see menu below). The purpose of the FDOT Traffic Engineering Manual (TEM) is to provide traffic engineering standards and guidelines to be used on the State Highway System. This handbook supplements … Section B1: Design References 201.2 – Traffic Signal Installation Warrants Evaluation - The intent of this policy for the “2000” traffic signal warrants. MCDOT Traffic Signal Design Manual March 2015 5 of a vehicle. Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Manual of Traffic Signal Design Transportation Electrical Equipment Specifications, current edition and current addenda. Signal Warrant Analysis . Traffic Engineering - TTE 5256 / TTE 4201 University of Florida - Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering Description: The purpose of this course is to provide students with an overview of the fundamentals of traffic engineering, with emphasis on traffic studies, capacity analysis and traffic control devices. City of Mt. For Manual Notice 2020-1 From: Michael A. Chacon, P.E., Traffic Safety Division Manual: Traffic Signals Manual Effective Date: June 01, 2020 Purpose The purpose of this manual notice is to advise users of the Traffic Signals Manual that the manual has been revised to include new and updated information on the in stallation and operation of traffic Handbook,” “Traffic Signal Timing Manual,” “Manual of Traffic Engineering Studies” Robertson, H.D, Editor, J.E. latest edition of ITE’s Manual of Traffic Signal Design. The Institute of Transportation Engineers’ (ITE) publication Traffic Calming: ... (even traffic signals and sidewalks) could be considered by some people to ... A more specific definitive definition of traffic calming is: Traffic calminginvolves the planning, design, and implementation of -enforcing self signals, advanced warning lights, and school zone caution lights. Traffic Signal Engineers or the Bureau of Highway Operations Traffic Signal Engineer. • Institute of Transportation Engineers Traffic Engineering Handbook(ITE) and Manual of Traffic Signal Design . parameters that affect coordinated signal system efficiency: spacing, cycle length, offset, splits, and phasing. study indicates that installing a traffic control signal will improve the overall safety and/or operation of the intersection. July 2017 2 . Engineer Certificate issued by the Institute of Transportation Engineers. END OF SECTION 6.1 When statemaintained signals are - warranted, then Regional Traffic Engineers, Technicians, Electricians, etc. MUTCD Signal Installation . Engineer Certificate issued by the Institute of Transportation Engineers. study indicates that installing a traffic control signal will improve the … Intersection Safety Resources H Harwood, D.W., J.M. Transportation Engineers (ITE) Manual on Traffic Signal Design. The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Project No. PCDOT TRAFFIC SIGNAL DESIGN MANUAL FIGURE: REVISED: 11/2007 General Information PAGE: 1-6 D. Standard References for Traffic Signals The following are standard reference documents for the design of traffic signals. 2015 Traffic Design Manual . 46 Bureau of Maintenance and Operations . Hummer, and D.C. Nelson. • U.S.D.O.T. 23. Features of a highway, such ... A type of traffic signal that directs traffic to stop … November 2007 TRAFFIC SIGNAL DESIGN 12.1(1) Chapter Twelve TRAFFIC SIGNAL DESIGN 12.1 GENERAL The design of traffic signals is one of the most dynamic fields of traffic engineering. Signal Warrant Analysis . Download Free PDF. Hummer, and D.C. Nelson. 902-2.02 Capacity Analysis must be determined by the methods contained within the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), latest edition. The design guidelines are provided as a supplement and are not to supersede the Federal Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). A separate ITE formula is used to calculate The design of highway safety lighting by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) is based upon the following publications: 1. 21. All other national publications by Figure 2. Download PDF. In addition to City guidelines and the MUTCD, some recommended design references include the Manual of Traffic Signal Designs, Traffic The need for a traffic signal will be determined by the City Engineer based on the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) traffic signal warrants. 9-06.1 Introduction 2. This includes preparing design plans, specifications and any other … TRAFFIC SIGNAL DESIGN HANDBOOK. ... impulse to the signal controller. Institute of Transportation Engineers’ (ITE) Manual on Traffic Signal Designspecify standard procedures for the calculation of vehicle change and pedestrian clearance intervals. Objectives: This course deals with the technical aspects of traffic … Bureau of Maintenance and Operations . The manual is intended for use by engineers and technicians with a basic background in the underlying fundamentals of transportation and traffic engineering. Project No. This paper. This document is intended to provide guidelines for certain considerations involved in the design of such devices. ¾ Victor Road Design Study Report, Lounsbury and Associates, 2003. TRAFFIC DESIGN MANUAL 1-3 DECEMBER 2003 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 1.2 Design of Traffic Control Devices –The design of traffic control devices must be carefully prepared by a qualified individual in the civil engineering profession. Traffic Signal Operations Handbook 1-1 Handbook Overview CHAPTER 1. Traffic Engineering Handbook, Seventh Edition is a newly revised text that builds upon the reputation as the go-to source of essential traffic engineering solutions that this book has maintained for the past 70 years. A short summary of this paper. Traffic engineering design involves the use of traffic engineering to improve traffic operations and safety by the effective use of traffic control devices and design geometrics. The Center for Transportation Research and Education performed a traffic signal inventory study for the Iowa Department of Transportation. The designer shall meet these standards as well as those of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Traffic signals Traffic signs (regulatory, warning, directional) North arrow In general, before proceeding into the next phase of design development, secure Line Department/ Facility concurrence with functional plan. For a State-controlled highway, the designer must obtain an approval for the Institute of Transportation Engineers, Manual of Traffic Signal Design, 2nd Edition (1991) Provides a set of federally published guidelines which are used in the Traffic Signal Timing Manual. These methods are … The proper design and use of traffic control devices can result in an efficient and safe … Section 9-01, Traffic Signals, Basic Information and Warrants 2. ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers ITS Intelligent Transportation System ITE Institute of Traffic Engineers JD Jurisdictional Determination LCS Lighting Control System LDEQ Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality LED Light-Emitting Diodes Lux Luminous Flux (unit of illuminance measure) Section 9-04, Traffic Signal Operations 5. 1. NJDOT Design Manual – Roadway 12-1 Traffic Signal Design Section 12 Traffic Signal Design 12.1 General This section of the manual is intended for use as a guide in the planning and design of the Traffic Signal Plan and Electrical Plan of a traffic signal installation that conforms to Department policy. For protected/permissive and protected left-turn phases, use a 25 mph (40 km/h) speed limit for the calculations.

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