religion anthropology quizlet
TreatmentsABC1109821265Blocks318151442018185878\begin{aligned} myths almost always start with the phrase " once upon a time". \text{Loss on sale of land} & 20,000 & \text{Payment of dividends} & 7,400\\ b. This depends a lot on the environment. Lower order systems are all about specific material goals, like money making and physical pleasures. Satere Mawe right of passage. Early anthropological study of religion was guided by social theory that was informed by evolutionary biology. These rituals have often been labeled magic by outsiders to the traditions in which they exist. Effervenscene bubbling up of collective emotional intensity generated through worship Animism Their society is ruled by the priestly class of Mamas Some animals are venerated because they represent anomalies that cross categories of human thought, The parts of the body that are sometimes thought of as "natural symbols" that were discussed by your text include all but the following. Anthropologies of 'World' Religions Although most anthropologists feel uneasy with the idea that so-called world religions such as Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism can be regarded as autonomous systems, there has been a move in recent decades for researchers to identify themselves as ethnographers of a particular religion. \end{array} Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management. They are to be performed with the hope, but not guarantee, that the supernatural being who is propitiated will grant forgiveness. Anthropology of Religion Flashcards | Quizlet Their state can be viewed as one of extended liminality, in that they always remain as separate, even when living in the midst of the society. Most of these protagonists (at least in the most commonly studied myths) are. In such cases, the beneficiary of the ritual will likely pay the officiant, with money or goods, for the rituals performed. A ceremonial cross of the John Frum cargo cult, Tanna island, New Hebrides (now Vanuatu ), 1967. Curing is often accomplished by restructuring a disorder in a mythic world The data are given in the following table. A few look beyond human nature to that of other animals, for analogues or precursors to religion. According to your text, arguments for the presence of religious practice in pre-historic societies has included all but which of the following? Rites marking transitions between places or stages of life. A particular type of greeting on meeting someone may be a traditional ritual but is not always required. Religious Rituals - Anthropology - iResearchNet archaeology. Anthropology of Religion | Department of Anthropology Religions/Anthropology Flashcards | Quizlet Prepare the cash flows from operating activities section of the statement of cash flows using the indirect method. They form the basis from which world religions have developed -Concepts like "Heaven " "Hell " or even "prayer . It focused on the functions of culture traits and practices in maintaining a stable order in society. A physical inventory of Liverpool Company taken at December 31 reveals the following. At the same time, it elevates their status within that society. Bodies and possessions of Melanesian chiefs were _____. This chapter introduces anthropology as an academic subject and explores its historical development. Seen in Aztecs, Mexico, Africa, Asia, Rome, Greece. They are often preceded by rituals of purification, and their performances are believed to bring power or blessedness. \text{Manufacturing margin}&&\$\hspace{5pt}1,570,000\\ The latter are meant to draw the community into joint participation and expression of acceptance of the beliefs and values being expressed by the ritual. Juedo-Christian Traditions use what to encourage morality, Indigenous traditions use what to encourage morality. Their functions and significances are generally personal, social, symbolic, and not necessarily mandatory. Clifford Geertz - Wikipedia &\begin{array}{rrrrr} Our faculty seek to understand what faith is and why faith persists, when mysticism emerges in complex societies, and how to understand claims which do not on the surface appear to be religious but are treated as central to religious identity. The exchange of cultural features when cultures come into continuous firsthand contact. Linked to capitalism- more ascetic, entrepreneurial and future oriented. Are polytheistic. As of early 2015, The Netherlands, Spain, Canada, South Africa, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, Iceland, Argentina, Denmark, Brazil . A collective effervescence can develop in Religious contexts. Separate from larger religion from which they arose because it is "corrupt". Sales(420,000units)Variablecostofgoodssold:Variablecostofgoodsmanufactured(500,000unitsx$14perunit)Lessendinginventory(80,000unitsx$14perunit)VariablecostofgoodssoldManufacturingmarginVariablesellingandadministrativeexpensesContributionmarginFixedcosts:FixedmanufacturingcostsFixedsellingandadministrativeexpensesIncomefromoperations$7,000,0001,120,000$160,00075,000$7,450,0005,880,000$1,570,00080,000$1,490,000235,000$1,255,000. Seen in states. T/F: Ritual can be thought of as patterned and formal behavior that communicates some kind of meaning. Pilgrimage for example, is when a religious community comes together because they went through something together. Anthropology of Religion: Definition, History, Themes - IResearchNet Cargo cult. Following the work of Bruce Lincoln, list three ways in which female rites of passage typically differ from those of males. Thus anthropologists were concerned with the origins of . They are given special privileges as well as special restrictions. Not all religious rituals are presentational, however. Why is depreciation added back to cash flow? Be sure to read the feedback. A company uses four hours of direct labor to produce a product unit. --> Strauss said it didn't have to be a religion, animism is a better term. He asks volunteers from his second-period class to report how many dreams they had last week. As such, they are to be performed with an attitude of contrition and humility. Stanford, CA 94305Phone: 650-723-3421anthropology [at] stanford.eduCampus Map. 1. Assume mpg is normally distributed. Elements of the natural world that are often considered to be "natural symbols" include all but which of the following? Ritual. Anthropology Chapter 12: Religion Flashcards | Quizlet Jane is considering investing in three different stocks or creating three distinct two stock portfolios. The information systems department wishes to provide technical support personnel in a ratio of 1 for every 50 users. Mailowski was functionalist in 2 senses: 1. Use = 5 .05 to test for any significant differences. The following output summarizes the results of an analysis of variance experiment in which the treatments were three different hybrid cars and the variable measured was the miles per gallon (mpg) obtained while driving the same route. It also explores how the evolutionary past of primates and early humans is used and understood by contemporary cultural anthropologists. They mediate and signify changes in individuals lives, conferring on them identity and status in their communities, taking them from one state of physical and social being to a greater one. 2. Advocating strict fidelity to a religion's presumed founding principles. Can reside in people, animals, plants and objects. List three characteristics of Primal religions, 1. \end{array} Mecam Foods, Inc. has 2,568 computer users. In a mediated ritual, on the other hand, the beneficiary is the individual for whom it is performed, or the inanimate objects for which or with which the ritual is enacted. Women are usually initiated singularly instead of in a group-> little chance for communitas (society as a whole initiates women) The more indigenous and traditional a religion, the more its rituals are presentational. Seen today in states and Universities, sports teams, and political parties. If the market amount is less than the recorded cost of the inventory, then record the LCM adjustment to the Merchandise Inventory account. Communitas intense feeling of social solidarity. European intellects, rise of fundamentalism, science. \text{Contribution margin}&&{\$\hspace{5pt}1,490,000}\\ - Scientific model of the planet as a single 'organic' system, seen as analogous to a human body rather than as a series of atomized, unrelated elements, dim lit room -> soft music ->sit in chair with senior mediums in the room -> bow an close eyes-> mediums reach out but do not touch you, and move their hands over you-> realigns your spiritual balance, Describe Roy Rappaport's concepts of higher and lower order cosmologies. Characteristics of Culture - Anthropology - iResearchNet What is the similarities of sociology and anthropology? 3. Post the amounts in the General columns. Worship of a single supreme being. \hspace{10pt}\text{Variable cost of goods manufactured (500,000 units x \$14 per unit)}&\$\hspace{5pt}7,000,000\\ They can be seen in many forms of animal life, from ants to humans. ; 5 What is the best anthropological definition of religion quizlet? the study of humanity. +Theory of binary oppositions (biological basis) ", theorized a linear evolution of religion, from animism to polytheism to monotheism, wrote "The Golden Bough" Durkheim wrote groundbreaking texts about modernity, sociological method, and suicide (among others); in 1896 he founded the journal L'Anne sociologique and trained or influenced a generation of French scholars including Marcel . \hline \text { Total } & 2336.92 & 52 & & & \\ Anthropological Theories of Religion (Chapter 17) - The Cambridge (Ed.). - Universality in religion, humans naturally face toward the rising sun They are based variously on ideas human social structures, emotions, or cognition. In the anthropology of religion, the primary use of anthropomorphism is to embody the supernatural in human form. Anthropology of religion is the study of religion in relation to other social institutions and the comparison of religious beliefs and practices across cultures.. How do anthropologists view religion? Some cultures tend to be outer orientated (outside the domestic sphere) , while others were inner oriented (inside the domestic sphere). According to Ch. The indigenous mind is going to be different than the ethnographer's mind --> There will not always be a single explanation for phenomena These can also include generalized goals like ideas of freedom and social cohesion. Religion belief and ritual concern with supernatural beings, powers and forces. Any set of beliefs and practices pertaining to supernatural powers. It can be tapped into by humans through ritual and experience. Thus, vows and rituals go hand in hand. They can be seen in many forms of animal life, from ants to humans. Discuss Victor Turner's concept of communitas. Contents. Clifford James Geertz (/ r t s / (); August 23, 1926 - October 30, 2006) was an American anthropologist who is remembered mostly for his strong support for and influence on the practice of symbolic anthropology and who was considered "for three decades. Similar to our notion of luck. 4. Needs to be accepted on faith. emphasized summarizing symbols, which represent complex sets of ideas, and elaborating metaphors, including root metaphors and key scenarios, ritual involving the manipulation of religious symbols such as prayers, offerings, and readings of sacred literature, rituals that are required to be performed, rituals that arise spontaneously, frequently in times of crisis, rituals performed on a regular basis as part of a religious calendar, rituals performed when a particular need arises, such as a marriage or a death, rituals that attempt to influence or control nature, hunting and gathering rites of intensification, rituals that influence nature in the quest for food, rituals designed to protect the safety of people engaged in dangerous activities, rituals that seek information about the unknown, healing rituals; rituals that deal with illness, accident, and death, rituals that bring about illness, accident, or death, rituals that serve to maintain the normal functioning of a community, rituals that delineate codes of proper behavior and articulate the community's worldview, rituals that accompany changes in an individual's status in society, rituals that focus on the elimination of alien customs and a return to a native way of life, gifts or even bribes, or economic exchange designed to influence the supernatural, the anthropological study of medicinal plants, each position in a series of positions, each one defined in terms of appropriate behavior, rights and obligations, and relationships to one another, the relative placement of each position in the society, a ceremony whereby a male child becomes a member of the Jewish community, the first phase of a rite of passage, in which the individual is removed from his or her former status, the second step in a rite of passage, during which several activities take place that bring about the change in status, the final phase in a rite of passage, during which the individual reenters normal society, though in a new social relationship, the state of ambiguous marginality during which the metamorphisis takes place during a rite of passage, a state in which there is a sense of equality, but the mere fact that a group of individuals is moving through the process together brings about a sense of community and camaraderie, in many traditional societies, the boys who are initiated together and form very close bonds, a specific status defined by age, such as warrior or elder, the removal of the labia minora along with the clitoris, the removal of the entire clitoris, labia minora, and labia majora and the sewing together of the remnants of the labia majora, leaving a small opening for urination and the passing of menstrual blood, an impersonal supernatural force that is found concentrated in special places in the landscape, in particular objects, and in certain people, a characteristic of most symbols: no direct connection with the thing they refer to, the ability to use symbols to refer to things and activities that are remote from the user, the feature of symbols allowing one to create a new symbol, such as a name, to refer to a new object, has a positive meaning such as prosperity and good luck, but most Americans and Europeans looking at it experience anger or dread, any five-sided figure, but generally used to refer to a five-pointed star, the symbol most clearly associated with Christianity, a word that is derived from the first letter of a series of words, a pipe through which a spirit moves from a tomb into a temple sanctuary during rituals, a religious system focusing on expressions of sacred time and space, the fusion of elements from two different cultures, instruments that are struck, shaken, or rubbed, instruments that incorporate a taut membrane or skin, instruments with taut strings that can be plucked or strummed, hit, or sawed, instruments where air is blown across or into some type of passageway, such as a pipe, the manipulation of supernatural power as a direct means of achieving an end, magic depends on the apparent association or agreement between things, things that were once in contact continue to be connected after the connection is severed, assumes there is a causal relationship between things that appear to be similar, based on the premise that things that were once in contact always maintain a connection, the practice of making an image to represent a living person or animal, which can then be killed or injured through doing things to the image, such as sticking pins into the image or burning it, fertility rituals that function to facilitate the successful reproduction of a totem animal, the belief that signs telling of a plant's medical use are somehow embedded within the structure and nature of the plant itself, an oral text that is transmitted without change; the slightest deviation from its traditional form would invalidate the magic, an object in which supernatural power resides, antisocial magic, used to interfere with the economic activities of others and to bring about illness and even death, a perceived revival of pre-Christian religious practices, techniques for obtaining information about things unknown, including events that will occur in the future, involves some type of spiritual experience such as a direct contact with a supernatural being through an altered state of consciousness, usually possession, more magical ways of doing divination, including the reading of natural events as well as the manipulation of oracular devices, refers to a specific device that is used for divination and can refer to inspiration or noninspirational forms, divination that happens without any conscious effort on the part of the individual, divination that someone sets out to do, such as reading tarot cards or examining the liver of a sacrificed animal, refers to divination through contact with the dead or ancestors, fortuitous happenings, or conditions that provide information, reading the path and form of a flight of birds, refers to chance meeting with an animal, such as a black cat crossing one's path, the examination of the entrails of sacrificed animals, the placing of bones in a fire and reading the patterns of burns and cracks to determine a response, the use of flour (as in fortune cookies) for divination, using a forked stick to locate water underground, the reading of the lines of the palm of the hand, the study of the shape and structure of the head, either fortuitous or deliberate, an altered state of consciousness in which a supernatural being (be it an ancestor, a ghost, a spirit, or a god) communicates through an individual, fortuitous in that the prophet receives information through a vision unexpectedly, without any necessary overt action on the part of the individual, the possession of a medium by a spirit who then speaks through the medium, people who undergo deliberate possession involving an overt action whereby the individual falls into a trance, painful and often life-threatening tests that a person who is suspected of guilt may be forced to undergo, such as dipping a hand into hot oil, swallowing poison, or having a red-hot knife blade pressed against some part of the body, the assumption of a causal relationship between celestial phenomenal and terrestrial ones and the influence that the stars and planets have on the lives of human beings, relatively simple forms of magical thinking that represent simple behaviors that directly bring about a simple result, such as carrying a good luck charm, receives his or her power directly from the spirit world; acquires status and abilities, such as healing, through personal communication with the supernatural during shamanic trances or altered states of consciousness, a central vertical axis that links the middle zone, the upper world, and the lower world; allows the movement of the shaman between the realm of the natural and supernatural, a technique of body movements, or magical passes, aiming to increase awareness of the energy fields that humans are made of, "the near universal methods of shamanism without a specific cultural perspective", focused on an individual, as opposed to the community, often as a self-help means of improving one's life; choose to participate and focus on what they consider the positive aspects of shamanism, as opposed to the traditionally recognized "dark side of shamanism", full-time religious specialists associated with formalized religious institutions that may be linked with kinship groups, communities, or larger political units; given religious authority by those units or by formal religious organizations, participate in activities similar to those of U.S. medical practitioners; may set bones, treat sprains with cold, or administer drugs made from native plants and other materials, specialists in the use of plant and other material as cures; may prescribe the materials to be administered or may provide the material as prescribed by a healer or diviner, someone who practices divination, a series of techniques and activities that are used to obtain information about things that are not normally knowable, a mouthpiece of the gods; communicates the words and will of the gods to his or her community and to act as an intermediary between the gods and the people, refers to individuals who have an innate ability to do evil, not depending on ritual to achieve his or her evil ends but simply willing misfortune to occur, a belief in the gratification of one's desires, a new awareness of something that exists in the environment, occurs when a person, using the technology at hand, comes up with a solution to a particular problem, the apparent movement of cultural traits from one society to another, the process of inventing a new trait through the receiving of an idea of one culture from another, the rapid change experienced by a subordinate culture as traits from a dominant culture are accepted, often at a rate that is too rapid to properly integrate the traits of the dominant culture into the subordinate culture, when the dominated society has changed so much that is has ceased to have its own distinct identity, a fusing of traits from two cultures to form something new and yet, at the same time, permit the retention of the old by subsuming the old into a new form, the dispersion of a people from their homeland, a religious or secular movement to bring about a change in society, manifesting as a result of a reaction to assimilation, develop in societies in which the cultural gap between the dominant and subordinate cultures is vast; these movements stress the elimination of the dominant culture and a return to the past, keeping the desirable elements of the dominant culture to which the society has been exposed, but with these elements now under the control of the subordinate culture, attempt to revive what is often perceived as a past golden age in which ancient customs come to symbolize the noble features and legitimacy of the repressed culture, based on a vision of change through an apocalyptic transformation, believe that a divine savior in human form will bring about the solution to the problems that exist within the society, a belief system among members of a relatively undeveloped society in which adherents practice superstitious rituals hoping to bring modern goods supplied by a more technologically advanced society, a grammatically simplified means of communication that develops between two or more groups that do not have a language in common, refers to the deteriorating quality of decisions made by an individual after a long session of decision making.
religion anthropology quizlet